Historical Analysis, Discourse, And Frame Analysis

By using a mixed set of methodological methods that includes statistical analysis, historical analysis, discourse analysis, and frame analysis techniques, Beckett is able to paint a broad picture of her argument. Her use of polls and surveys demonstrates that the traditional link between public opinion and the tough on crime policies that led to mass incarceration is problematic. Her historical analysis traces the historical development of these policies highlighting the various players and actors operating and struggling for power. Finally, her discourse and frame analysis demonstrates the ways in which elites were able to utilize mass media to create a specific frame and discourse surrounding criminal behavior that played on racial fears and anxieties and helped push their agenda, whether it be increased incarceration or simply winning elections. Valocchi seems dismissive of the ability of these methods to perform queer analysis. As he points out, â€Å"Quantitative, variable-based methodologies, by contrast, assume that the indicators used to measure social processes do indeed capture something real and objective† (2005:767). He implies that non-ethnographic methods have built-in assumptions that their classification systems perfectly portray practices and motivations of those within those systems. What he fails to consider is that these methods can be used for the very purpose of highlighting these inconsistencies. The dominant ideology of criminal justice is that crimeShow MoreRelatedA Review of Nirvana for Sale by Rachelle M. Scoot Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagessituated context. Thus, the book is concerned with cultural praxis within the context of religious discourses about wealth and piety. As a piece of ethnography, the work is competent, but draws little attention to the classic anthropological methodology of participant observation, characterized by long-term engagement with local cultural practices. Instead the claims made are gathered through an analysis of publications and dialogues within the Thailand Buddhist community, mostly centered on a controversyRead MoreHow The Autonomy Of Journalists Are Affected During War Times1675 Words   |  7 Pagesmoments, lasting replacement of visuals, that leave little time for reflection and help create a ‘new memory’ of past conflicts. Hoskins describes various techniques of analysis to show how television may simplify and distort events. For example Selecting cases from Vietnam and the two Iraq conflicts (1991 and 2003), he adapts time analysis to examine time references and use of tense by the reporter. He shows how the current times are promoted in news reporting, influenced by the abruptness of realityRead MoreThe Discourse Of The Veil883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Discourse of the Veil Ahmed examines Amin’s recommendations regarding women and formed part of his thesis and how/why he believed that unveiling was key to the social transformation, which is important for unraveling the significance of the debate that his book provoked (Ahmed, 145). Ahmed discusses the origins and history as an idea of the veil which informs Western colonial discourse and 20th century-Arabic debate have several implications. The first implication is the evident connectionRead MoreAnalyzing Kessler-Harris and Scotts Views on Ge nder Issues1360 Words   |  5 PagesHarris and Scott on Gender Issues Abstract Drawing on Joan Scotts Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis and on Alice Kessler-Harriss Just price, Free Market and the Value of Women, the following questions will be answered, How has the equality of women and men been expressed according to both Scott and Kessler-Harris? Why gender has become a useful category of historical analysis for historians? How different (other) historians view gender? What are Kessler-Harriss viewsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage930 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States made a historical decision of legalizing same-sex marriage all across the nation, after years of social, political, and cultural mobilizations of members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and allies. However, this achievement is not an end it itself. Leaders of the marriage equality movement, as well as community members, ask: Now what? This proposed project attempts to provide an answer for this quest ion by looking atRead MoreMethods of Data Analysis in Qualitative Research1580 Words   |  7 Pages15 Methods of Data Analysis in Qualitative Research Compiled by Donald Ratcliff 1. Typology - a classification system, taken from patterns, themes, or other kinds of groups of data. (Patton pp. 393,398) John Lofland Lyn Lofland Ideally, categories should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive if possible, often they aren t. Basically a list of categories. example: Lofland and Lofland s 1st edition list: acts, activities, meanings, participation, relationships, settings (in the third editionRead MoreFinal Project Proposal : Joshua Abraham Kopin1076 Words   |  5 Pagesthe more often players score, the more often your team wins baseball games. My study proposes to examine the New York Times sports pages between 1997 and 2017 as a way of testing some ideas about the nature of the changes in the discourse about baseball as that discourse has evolved over the last 20 years. Although these ideas did not necessarily take hold in professional baseball circles until the 21st century, outsiders like Bill James have been promoting non-traditional baseball statistics asRead MoreMental Representation Of Critical Discourse Analysis2338 Words   |  10 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis Levels of analysis This phrase is applied to social sciences to point to the location, size or scale of a research target. It is unique from the term ‘unit of observation† as the former relates to an integrated set of relationships while the latter is about the distinct unit from which data will be gathered. The levels of analysis are not mutually exclusive but an in critical discuss analysis research generally falls under micro level and the macro level of analysis. MacroRead MoreThe Orthodox View Of The Pali Canon1605 Words   |  7 Pages The orthodox fundamentalist view of the Pali Canon by those who look to it for the foundation of their system of spirituality, religion, and culture is that the Pali Canon is the Buddhavacana, the literal word of the historical Buddha; therefore, the Pali language in which it is written is the literal language of Magadhi, where the Buddha lived and taught. In this scenario, the Pali words simply transcribe the dialogue of the living Buddha, preserved perfectly in the photographic memory of AnandaRead MoreThe Idea Of Scientific Objectivity1650 Words   |  7 PagesNot only does consciousness begin to lose clarity of its object, it also becomes displaced from it and, furthermore, from itself. It becomes, in a word, inauthentic. Consciousness is largely determined by factors outside of its control – social, historical and economic factors all contribute to an ideology which is beyond the grasp of the person who thinks ideologically. The problem for consciousness is not only its displaced relationship with its surroundings but also its displacement from its own

The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Come up from the...

The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Come up from the Fields Father are two war poems written in the mid 19th century. A Comparison Of Two War Poems ============================= The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Come up from the Fields Father are two war poems written in the mid 19th century. They both involve the portrayal of death for their country. Although they both tell us about death in two entirely different ways. In 1854, Mr Alfred Tennyson picked up The Times newspaper and read a report written by W .H. Russell on the Crimean war. After reading the report, Alfred, wrote a very quick poem about the happenings. This poem was to become very famous and well known for centuries to come. In comparison, Walt†¦show more content†¦The pace of the poem can be dictate how the poem is read and changes the impact on the reader. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is a very fast poem, it takes us threw a war scene in which severe death takes place, in contrast Come up from the Fields Father is a slower pace as it is telling us of a life in the country side, which is never directly affected by war. The effects are more indirect as the son, heir to the farm, is killed in service for the war effort. In Come up from the Fields Father we learn about just a single person who has fought and died in war, we are told nothing about his nobility and we see the effect of his death as being a terrible tragedy and great morning it causes. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade we learn about the amount of nobility the 600 members of the light brigade. Many knew they would die on this charge, but they showed their true patriotism by not questioning their order and showing true pride to be part of their countrys war effort. Although many more people died in this poem, it shows a lot more excitement, with none of the depression, which took place in Come up from the Fields Father. Tennyson shows a lot of rhythm and repetition in The Charge Of The Light Brigade these occur frequently and are very catchy Into the jaws of death cannon to the right of them, cannon to the left of them, cannon in front of them. We see different techniquesShow MoreRelatedRoles of Different People on Michael Oher in the Blind Side1381 Words   |  6 Pagesand writer he is today. The first influence on Michael to become successful was the Tuohy family, the first member of which is Leigh Anne. Overall, Leigh Anne Tuohy had the biggest influence on Michael as a whole. She played many roles in his life from the time they met to the present. Leigh Anne starts out being Michael’s friend and invites him to stay in her home because she realized he is homeless. She then moves to the role of his mentor where she guides Michael in the right direction to startRead MoreIndian Army5764 Words   |  24 PagesVijay, Operation Meghdoot and Operation Cactus. Apart from conflicts, the army has also been an active participant in United Nations peacekeeping missions. The President of India is the Commander-in-Chief of the Army. The Chief of Army Staff (COAS), a General, is a four star commander and commands the army. There is typically never more than one serving general at any given time in the Army. Two officers have been conferred the rank of field marshal, a 5-star rank and the officer serves as the ceremonialRead MoreAnalysis Of The Red Badge Of Courage4842 Words   |  20 Pagesreceive a sendoff from the town and be looked at as a hero. His mother instead says The Lord s will be done and continues milking the cow. The Red Badge of Courage and First-Hand Accounts of War First Person Locate a brief passage (about a paragraph in length) from The Red Badge of Courage that describes a battle scene with much confusion. Contrast it with the following third-person passage from The Successes and Failures of Chancellorsville by General Alfred Pleasonton, from The Century IllustratedRead MoreGeneral George S. Patton Leadership Traits.4861 Words   |   20 PagesGEORGE SMITH PATTON JR. ( 1885 – 1945 ) INTRODUCTION George Smith Patton III was born on Nov 11, 1885 in San Gabriel, California, USA. He was known as â€Å"Old Blood and Guts â€Å"and â€Å"Georgie â€Å". In 1909, he graduated from the U.S Military Academy at West Point and descendant of a Virginia family with a long military tradition. Patton became a keen student of the American Civil War (1861-1865), especially its great cavalry leaders , an interest that likely contributed to the strategy of bold , highlyRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pages The apocalypse happened so fast. In less than a month, monsters infested every part of this world. People panicked, people died. They clawed at each other just to get out of all the infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its dead wrong. War at least has some organization to it. What was faced in the lastRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Toluca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United StatesRead MoreFrench Terms for Ib Sl French B8316 Words   |  34 Pagesto 5 GCSE French OCR GCSE in French: J730 OCR GCSE (Short Course) in French Spoken Language: J030 OCR GCSE (Short Course) in French Written Language: J130 This Vocabulary List is designed to accompany the OCR GCSE French Specification for teaching from September 2009  © OCR 2010 Contents Contents French GCSE Vocabulary List French Vocabulary List General 2 3 5 12 12 21 28 28 31 36 36 37 40 40 42 48 48 51 Topic Area 1 Home and local area Life in the home; friends and relationships Local area,Read MoreEssay on The Glory and The Dream9497 Words   |  38 Pagesï » ¿The Glory and the Dream Questions Prologue 1. What was the Bonus Army? What occurred? Who was involved? a. The Bonus Army were soldiers returned from World War I who wanted a â€Å"bonus† immediately authorized by the Adjusted Compensation Act. The veterans marched up Pennsylvania Avenue to acquire their relief. However, MacArthur and Hoover stopped the veterans at their core in a final â€Å"battle† calling them â€Å"communists and persons with criminal records.† 2. What is Rugged Individualism? a.Read MoreCorporate Structure of Yamaha23785 Words   |  96 PagesOctober 28, 2010 Message from the President Management Emphasis on CSR Yamaha Corporation Group CSR Policy Group-wide Quality Management System Corporate Governan Compliance Group-wide Quality Assurance Structure Quality Management System Quality Risk Management Quality Improvement Measures Stronger Customer Support System Improving Convenience by Standardizing Customer Helpdesks Policies for Retained Earnings and Returns to Shareholders Proactive Investor Relations Efforts to PromoteRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 Pagesthe rules and leadership of the international system. And as the worlds largest country emerges not from within but outside the established post-World War II international order, it is a drama that will end with the grand ascendance of China and the onset of an Asian-centered world order. THE FUTURE OF CHINA AND NORTH ASIA MAINLAND CHINA, HONG KONG, TAIWAN, JAPAN, SOUTH AND NORTH KOREA. FROM HERE TO 2030 SUMMARY: Revision 2005 The global population of the North East Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan

African Corruption free essay sample

This study intends to clearly show the extent to which Africa and Africans have been suffering from the ravages of corruption, fraud, and intentional mismanagement by their governments and their leaders, much to the disappointment and anger of the people. The impact of corruption on the lives of the people, the businesses, and the economy of any of the nations concerned has been studied by a number of authors, scholars, and worldwide institutions such as the World Bank, the IMF, and even donors (highly industrialized nations). Although Africa has a large share of the worlds raw material and mineral resources, African nations are by far the least developed and the poorest countries in the world. Robert Harris, in his book, Political Corruption In and Beyond the Nation State, (1990, p. 29,) introduced three themes. First, political corruption is an illegitimate extension of normal political activity. In trying to understand the central issue of corruption, one needs to understand the complex and intricate nature of corruption. We will write a custom essay sample on African Corruption or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we ask, what is â€Å"corruption†? The American Heritage English Language Dictionary (Pickett, 2000) defines corruption as â€Å"the art or process of corruption, the state of being corrupt, decay, and rot.† As indicated above, corruption comes in many forms. In the least developed countries (LDC’s) such as Africa, all types of corruption are prevalent. The following brief case histories of these three companies will present the magnitude of the scandals, corruption, and deceit these companies perpetrated on the unsuspecting public and their business partners. Other countries of the world have similar problems of corruption, fraud, and mismanagement. From time to time, stories appear about the corruption trial of a government official, a banker, or corporate head in other parts of the world. Doing Business in Africa and Other Non-Industrialized Nations, the basic tenets of the guiding principles are that corruption, dishonesty, and unethical behavior among public officials represent serious threats to the basic principles and values of government, undermining public confidence in democracy and threatening to erode the rule of law. The aim of these guiding principles is to promote public trust in the integrity of officials within the public sector by preventing, detecting, and prosecuting or sanctioning official corruption and unlawful dishonest or unethical behavior. Monsanto Co.: Settled an SEC complaint in January alleging that the company funneled more than $700,000 in corrupt payments to Indonesian government officials between 1997 and 2002. ExonMobil, Chevron Texaco, Marathon Oil, Devon Energy, and Amerada Hess, as well as several other oil companies: These reportedly are involved in SEC investigations into bribes allegedly paid to government officials in Equatorial Guinea. Public perception of police corruption stems mainly from instances where the public has come face to face with the vice as they interact with police in their discharge of duty. My personal experience also left me with no doubt that police corruption in South Africa was daunting task for the new democratic government of South Africa. While police brutality in Kenya is much less compared to that of the apartheid South Africa, the police corruption in Kenya is much more widespread and open. Corruption in the police force takes various forms and in various degrees of sophistication. Corruption in Kenya and more particularly among the police has reached unprecedented levels. Thieves have been set free from police cells because of corruption. The ministry of public works: This is the second most corrupt institution in Kenya. Finding found that this is the Ministry that has the highest rent corruption in Kenya. A large population of the Kenyan people expressed disgust at the corruption in this ministry. The corruption at the ministry of public works is more sophisticated than meets the eye. It is also in charge of construction of government residential houses and offices. The ministry houses the largest number of government employed Engineers, professionals, and Architects. It is actually a key ministry in any government.   Millions of shillings are spent in purchasing goods and services for the government. There was no good will from the establishment to deal with cases of corruption. Where genuine outside companies have been awarded contracts, big bribes were paid to the committee before the award. In one case a contractor has given a job to put up some government circles. The author discovered that this was done just to get free money as penalties from the government. The poor jobs that we have seen on our roads are a result of corruption. This makes the land law in Kenya, one of the most complicated land systems in the world. The Crown Lands Ordinance (Cap. 280) passed in 1915 defined crown land as â€Å"All public land including all land occupied by the native tribes of the protectorate and all land reserved for the use of the members of any native tribe.† All the land rights of the natives were ignored. After all and without exception, African customs recognized land rights. African communities saw land as a gift of God to every individual. That has been the root cause of land problems in this country. Nowhere in Africa is land such expensive commodity as it is in Kenya. A Kenyan who has no land will always work hard to buy himself land. Land and Corruption in Africa The Ministry of Lands is one of the most corrupt institutions in this country. Land Cartels Land allocations, is the biggest single activity that goes on at the Lands office, Nairobi. Here, the people of Kenya will spend as much time and spend as much money, to ensure that they have been allocated land. Income tax department: African Revenue Authority is the main government agency for collecting all government revenue. No government can run on its own without taxes. Money collected from taxes is what the government uses to provide public services like Education, Health, Infrastructure, security and policing, a forestation, public service employment, defence and many others. (Transparency International Report, 2006) You cannot tax people so highly and yet fail to provide services. Over Kenya Shillings 250 billion taxes, (Transparency International Report, 2006), are collected annually by the Kenya Revenue Authority. The African revenue authority has some of the best professionals in the public service. Corruption at the African Revenue Authority is a matter of great concern. There is corruption in the organization both corporate and individual taxpayers. With the present economic situation most business people are stressed out and depressed. Research revealed that there is massive corruption in the import and export sector. Tax evasion is very high in this sector and the government loses millions of shillings through fraud and tax evasion. It was found that tax officers collude with importers and exporters to avoid tax and deny the government the badly needed revenue. This area has provided a good breeding ground for corruption in the income tax department. Officers in the Revenue Authority come across these businesses every day. The government is losing a lot of revenue by leaving these sectors out.

The Power of Rewards at Industry International

Table of Contents Introduction Strategic Organizational Communication Organizational Structure of Industry International Changes in the Rule-Reward System Motivational Strategies Deployed Conclusion References Introduction The following paper provides a case study of the chapter â€Å"The Power of Rewards at Industry International† from the perspective of strategic organizational communication and how it applied in this instance (Conrad Poole 2005). The case study provides a definition of strategic organizational communication and highlights the organizational structure that the company Industry International operated under.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Power of Rewards at Industry International specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The case study also delineates the changes in the rule–reward system that triggered resistance in the workforce, and details the strategies that the empl oyees deployed to minimize resistance and add value to the rule–reward system. Finally, the case study lists the strategies used to motivate the employees, and concludes with insight as to why the employees changed. Strategic Organizational Communication Strategic organizational communication means that communication within an organization will have a focused agenda whereby policies are set, rules are enforced, modes of reward are defined and methods of attaining higher status within the organization are communicated formally and informally (Conrad Poole 2005). Within an organization such as Industry International for example, strategic organizational communication changes radically according to the stability of the bonus system, which is directly dependent on the economic health of the organization (Conrad Poole 2005). Informal strategic organizational communication therefore will be subtle, often non-verbal cues which communicate what behaviors the employees should adopt in order to sustain and grow their bonuses (Conrad Poole 2005). Organizational Structure of Industry International The organizational structure of Industry International is centralized; decisions that affect the entire organization are made by the top tier of management, and there is a pronounced division between management and workers (Conrad Poole 2005). The centralized nature of Industry International appears most readily in the area of bonuses, namely, how the year-end bonuses are allotted, and how much money the year-end bonuses consist of – both of these decisions are arbitrary and utterly dependent on a system created and maintained by the management chain of command (Conrad Poole 2005). According to Conrad and Poole (2005), the bonus system at Industry International operates on a system of merit points that is not standardized and remains highly susceptible to personal politics and interpretation (Conrad Poole 2005). â€Å"Merit points are based on output, qualit y, dependability, and personal characteristics. The first two can be quantified, leading employees to â€Å"work like dogs† until they are dangerously exhausted by long hours and difficult working conditions; the latter two cannot, creating a highly political atmosphere in the plant. Most echoed one worker’s conclusion that â€Å"if you don’t go along with the system [managers], you could be the hardest worker in the world†¦ and you would still be way short [on the bonus] because you have not gone with the flow and you would be blackballed, and they give you what they want to give you† (Conrad Poole 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Changes in the Rule-Reward System In the case study, changes in the rule–reward system that caused resistance occurred in the lowering of the annual bonuses, an action which was attributed to the recession (Conrad and Poole 2005) â€Å"Many workers lost their homes and cars because they were relying on large bonuses to pay mortgages and loans. Workers attributed the decline to many things, but primarily to management greed and incompetence—a â€Å"fat managerial level and more men at the top,† embezzlement, and mismanagement of overseas accounts† (Conrad and Poole 2005). The strategies that the workers considered to lesson resistance or add value to the rule–reward system included labor strikes, forming a union and in extreme cases workers threatened management with physical violence (Conrad and Poole 2005).The workers had grown accustomed to receiving the bonus from year to year and so many did not manage their money as strategically as they might have, assuming that the year-end bonuses would always come to bail out whatever expenses they had accrued over the course of the year (Conrad and Poole 2005). Motivational Strategies Deployed Initi ally the strategies deployed to motivate the Industry International workers were financial incentives (Conrad and Poole 2005). Industry International workers derived the bulk of their income from a year-end bonus; with this bonus, the workers earned â€Å"three times the average salary for U.S. manufacturing employees [though they were] not unionized†¦had no paid vacations, and†¦worked 45–50 hours per week†¦ From 1943 to 1994 the bonus percentage ranged from 55 percent to 104 percent; in 1994 it was 61 percent† (Conrad and Poole 2005).Other indirect motivational strategies occurred as a result of the financial motivation that the large bonuses created; these included elevated social status within the community, as evidenced by the following quotes from Industry International employees: â€Å"As soon as†¦friends and neighbors†¦find out you work [at Industry International], they think you have money coming out of your ears†¦ They think Iâ⠂¬â„¢m the richest SOB in the world†¦Years ago we made more money than professional football players† (Conrad and Poole 2005). Conclusion The motivational strategies changed as a result of the recession; with less money coming in, Industry International’s bonuses shrank considerably. Thereafter, the employees became aware of the limited options available to them based on their age, their level of education, and the fact that â€Å"high-paying manufacturing jobs are becoming very rare in the United States† (Conrad and Poole 2005). References Conrad, C., Poole, M. (2005). Strategic organizational communication in a global economy (6th ed.), Belmond, CA: Wadsworth. 66-107.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Power of Rewards at Industry International specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on The Power of Rewards at Industry International was written and submitted by user Tanner Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The United States and Its Policy of Promoting Democracy

The United States and Its Policy of Promoting Democracy Promoting democracy abroad has been one of the main elements of US foreign policy for decades. Some critics argue that it is harmful to promote democracy in countries without liberal values because it creates illiberal democracies, which pose grave threats to freedom. Others argue that the foreign policy of promoting democracy abroad fosters economic development in those places, reduces threats to the United Staes at home and creates partners for better economic trade and development.  There are  varying  degrees of democracies ranging from full to limited and even flawed. Democracies can also be authoritarian, meaning that people can vote but have little or no choice in what or whom they vote for. A Foreign Policy 101 Story When rebellion brought down the presidency of Mohammed Morsi in Egypt on July 3, 2013, the United States called for a quick return to order and democracy. Look at these statements from White House Press Secretary Jay Carney on July 8, 2013. During this transitional period, Egypts stability and democratic political order are at stake, and Egypt will not be able to emerge from this crisis unless its people come together to find a nonviolent and inclusive path forward. We remain actively engaged with all sides, and we are committed to supporting the Egyptian people as they seek to salvage their nations democracy. [W]e will work with the transitional Egyptian government to promote a quick and responsible return to a sustainable, democratically elected civilian government. We also call on all political parties and movements to remain engaged in dialogue, and to commit to participating in a political process to hasten the return of full authority to a democratically elected government. Democracy in US Foreign Policy Theres no mistaking that promotion of democracy is one of the cornerstones of American foreign policy. It hasnt always been that way. A democracy, of course, is a government which invests power in its citizens through the franchise, or the right to vote. Democracy comes from Ancient Greece and filtered to the West and the United States through such Enlightenment thinkers as Jean-Jaques Rousseau and John Locke. The United States is a democracy and a republic, meaning that the people speak through elected representatives. At its start, American democracy was not universal: Only white, adult (over 21), property-holding males could vote. The 14th, 15th, 19th  and 26th Amendmentsplus a variety of civil rights actsfinally made voting universal in the 20th century. For its first 150 years, the United States was concerned with its own domestic problemsconstitutional interpretation, states rights, slavery, expansionmore than it was with world affairs. Then the United States focused on pushing its way onto the world stage in an era of imperialism. But with World War I, the United States began moving in a different direction. Much of President Woodrow Wilsons proposal for a post-war Europethe Fourteen Pointsdealt with national self-determination. That meant imperial powers like France, Germany and Great Britain should divest themselves of their empires, and former colonies should form their own governments. Wilson intended for the United States to lead those newly independent nations into democracies, but Americans were of a different mind. After the carnage of the war, the public wanted only to retreat into isolationism and let Europe work out its own problems. After World War II, however, the United States could no longer retreat into isolationism. It actively promoted democracy, but that was often a hollow phrase that allowed the United States to counter Communism with compliant governments around the globe. Democracy promotion continued after the Cold War. President George W. Bush linked it to the post-9/11 invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. How Is Democracy Promoted? Of course, there are ways of promoting democracy other than warfare. The State Departments website says that it supports and promotes democracy in a variety of areas: Strengthening democratic institutionsSupporting civil societyEnhancing the rule of law and judicial independencePromoting political pluralism and free, fair electoral processesProtecting independent mediaPromoting Internet freedomPromoting human rights for all, including women The programs above are funded and administered through the State Department and USAID. Pros and Cons of Democracy Promotion Proponents of democracy promotion say that it creates stable environments, which in turn fosters strong economies. In theory, the stronger a nations economy and the more educated and empowered its citizenry, the less it needs foreign aid. So, democracy promotion and US foreign aid are creating strong nations around the globe. Opponents say that democracy promotion is just American imperialism by another name. It binds regional allies to the United States with foreign aid incentives, which the United States will withdraw if the country does not progress toward democracy. Those same opponents charge that you cannot force-feed democracy on the people of any nation. If the pursuit of democracy is not homegrown, then is it really democracy?

What is the significance of dr essays

What is the significance of dr essays What is the significance of dreams in Of Mice And Men The book Of Mice and Men was written by a man called Steinbeck. This novel deals with the plight of migrant labourers in California during the great depression, set around the 1930s after the great Wall Street crash. At that time morale and money was at an all time low. A lack of jobs forced men to travel to seek employment, causing familial divides and creating the itinerant workforce. Steinbeck not only wrote about what he knew, having been a ranch worker himself, he wrote about that which fascinated him. One of Steinbeck's favourite books was Le Morte d'Arthur, Sir Thomas Mallory's retelling of the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, and the King Arthur legends play a part in several of Steinbeck's works. One of those legends was Sir Galahad's search for the Holy Grail, the cup from which Jesus was said to have drunk. Finding the Grail will cause all sins to be forgiven, according to the knights. Throughout literature, the Grail serves as a symbol of that which is sought but can never be possessed. Galahad was the only knight pure enough to find and touch the Grail, but once he touched it, he died and his spirit went to heaven. This novel concerns itself with many characters who search for their Holy Grail is never realised, and whose quests, like many of the Arthurian legends, are ruined by women. But what fascinated Steinbeck most was n ot simply the concept of the Holy Grail, but the idea that human nature allows us to hope for and believe in something so desperately despite knowing that it will never be achieved, something he termed as both the greatest human quality and the greatest curse. The focus of the book is on two random migrant workers, George and Lennie. These two characters are believed to represent the masses, they symbolise the new American worker. George is by necessity a rational realist ...

The Cowboy Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cowboy Phenomenon - Essay Example Finally, the cowboy is aggressive because nothing can stop him from achieving any goal he wishes to achieve (Ruud, Geoff & Hugo 156). â€Å"There are some things a man just can’t run away from† The first characteristic of the cowboy involves certain aspects of his lives that are mandatory. Consequently, the cowboy must perform these functions because he has no other options. The functions could even be dangerous to the cowboy’s existence. However, the cowboy performs the functions to satisfy significant expectations in his life. For example, in Johnny Guitar†, Johnny realizes that he is in love with Vienna. This love for Vienna enables the viewers to encounter the first cowboy characteristic of Johnny Guitar. This is because Johnny Guitar maintains Vienna’s company after the self-declared reformed. Guitar knows about Vienna’s possible involvement in the robbery because of criminal history, which Vienna already has. However, this does not stop Johnny Guitar from saving his love, Vienna. Johnny Guitar is aware that it is a great risk to save Vienna after her capture but the love he has inspires him (Ray). Consequently, Charles Cosby displays similar cowboy characteristics in â€Å"Cocaine Cowboys 2†. The only difference is that Cosby’s inspiration is the urge to be successful in the cocaine business, not love. Cosby has exemplary courage, which enables him to write letters to Blanco. Evidently, Griselda Blanco is a queen pin who most people fear. Therefore, Cosby’s decision to write the letter to Blanco is synonymous with the first characteristic of the cowboy. This is because Cosby dreams of also leading the cocaine business. Later he establishes the cocaine business and is a rich man because he was not afraid to approach the godmother (Corben & Perry). â€Å"A man ought to do what he thinks is right† The second characteristic of the cowboy encourages cowboys to do what they think is right rega rdless of other people’s views. Johnny Guitar helps Vienna out of the burning bar without considering if Vienna was right or wrong. Johnny Guitar believes that men ought to protect the respective women who they love. Therefore, he saves Vienna from all troubles that face her like when Emma convinces the men to kill Vienna. Similarly, Cosby engages in certain behavior that people would otherwise consider immoral. For example, he sells cocaine in the city without considering the dangers, which he poses to people. Cosby is equally aware of the consequences of the cocaine business. He risks serving jail time like Blanca or even facing more punishments that are serious. However, this knowledge does not stop Cosby from engaging in the dangerous drug business. His only concern is to be successful with the drugs, which he realizes when he owns the 40 Million-cocaine business (Ray). â€Å"If everything isn’t black and white, I say â€Å"why the hell not?† Finally, the c owboy is aggressive in everything he does because of what Johnny Guitar and Charles Cosby reveal in their respective situations. For instance, Johnny Guitar ensures that he saves Vienna when Emma suggests killing Vienna. It is among the most dangerous decisions he makes in the entire movie. This is because of Vienna’s past and the anger, which Emma and her gang have for Vienna. Obviously, Emma would also kill anyone who was on Vienna’s side. However, that could not prevent Johnny Guitar from facing the angry